拉薩姆國際溼地公約
各締約國
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat
Ramsar, Iran, 2.2.1971
as amended by the Protocol of 3.12.1982
and the Amendments of 28.5.1987
Paris, 13 July 1994
Director, Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
一、承認人與環境間有相互依存之關係。
RECOGNIZING the interdependence of Man and his environment;
二、認為溼地之基本生態功能，為水系之調節因素，亦為化育特有動植物群落—特別是水鳥—之處所。
CONSIDERING the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands as regulators of water regimes and as habitats supporting a characteristic flora and fauna, especially waterfowl;
三、相信溼地為經濟、文化、科學及遊憩之寶貴資源，溼地之淪喪為一無可挽回之損失。
BEING CONVINCED that wetlands constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value, the loss of which would be irreparable;
四、希望今後能遏阻對溼地之不斷侵害，以避免其繼續喪失。
DESIRING to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future;
五、瞭解水鳥因季節性遷徙，會穿越不同國界，故應將其視為一種國際資源。
RECOGNIZING that waterfowl in their seasonal migrations may transcend frontiers and so should be regarded as an international resource;
六、確信透過制定具有遠見之國家政策，並結合國際間之協調行動，必能使溼地及其動植物群落獲得保存。
BEING CONFIDENT that the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining far-sighted national policies with co-ordinated international action;
七、認同以下所述事項：
Have agreed as follows:
《第一條》
1. 本約所謂之溼地，係指沼澤、沼泥地、泥煤地或水域等地區;不管其為天然或人為、永久或暫時、死水或活流、淡水或海水、或兩者混合、以及海水淹沒地區，其水深在低潮時不超過六公尺者。
Article 1
1. For the purpose of this Convention wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres.
2. 本約所稱之水鳥，係指生態上依賴溼地之鳥類。
2. For the purpose of this Convention waterfowl are birds ecologically dependent on wetlands.
《第二條》
1. 各締約國須在其領土內劃定適當之溼地，以列入國際重要溼地名單（以下簡稱「名單」）之中;此處所稱「名單」係依本公約第八條所成立之機構擬定者。各溼地之範圍須予確切說明，並於地圖上予以標示，與溼地接鄰之河岸及海岸地區，以及溼地內之海島、或海水淹沒之地區其水深在低潮時不超過六公尺者，特別是對水鳥之棲息有其重要性者，均可予以併入。
Article 2
1. Each Contracting Party shall designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in a List of Wetlands of International Importance, hereinafter referred to as "the List" which is maintained by the bureau established under Article 8. The boundaries of each wetland shall be precisely described and also delimited on a map and they may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands, especially where these have importance as waterfowl habitat.
2. 溼地名單之選列，係根據其在生態學、植物學、動物學、湖沼生物學、或水文學上之國際重要性而定。任何季節對於水鳥具有國際重要性之溼地，均應予以優先選列。
2. Wetlands should be selected for the List on account of their international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. In the first instance wetlands of international importance to waterfowl at any season should be included.
3. 溼地被列入名單，並不侵害締約國對其領土內溼地之主權。
3. The inclusion of a wetland in the List does not prejudice the exclusive sovereign rights of the Contracting Party in whose territory the wetland is situated.
4. 依本公約第九條規定、各締約國於呈報其承認或加入本公約之文件後，至少應劃定一塊溼地以列入名單之中。
4. Each Contracting Party shall designate at least one wetland to be included in the List when signing this Convention or when depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, as provided in Article 9.
5. 各締約國有權將其境內溼地增列於名單之中，或擴大其境內已列入名單之溼地之範圍，或由於國家之急迫利害考量，得將其境內已列入名單之溼地逕予除名或限制其範圍，惟應儘速將此種改變，通知本公約第八條所述之主管業務組織或政府。
5. Any Contracting Party shall have the right to add to the List further wetlands situated within its territory, to extend the boundaries of those wetlands already included by it in the List, or, because of its urgent national interests, to delete or restrict the boundaries of wetlands already included by it in the List and shall, at the earliest possible time, inform the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8 of any such changes.
6. 各締約國不管是將其境內之溼地列入、或剔出本公約所稱之名單時，均應顧及對於遷徙水鳥族群之保育、保理、以及妥善利用之國際責任。
6. Each Contracting Party shall consider its international responsibilities for the conservation, management and wise use of migratory stocks of waterfowl, both when designating entries for the List and when exercising its right to change entries in the List relating to wetlands within its territory.
《第三條》
依本法第七條所設立之保育捐助專戶，其用途如下：
1. 締約國應訂定並推行有關計畫，俾促進名單內所列溼地之保育，以及確保其境內溼地之最妥善利用。
Article 3
1. The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.
2. 若因工業開發、汙染、或其他人為干擾，致使各締約國境內列名溼地之生態特性，已產生改變，或正在改變，或可能改變時，各當事國應儘速予以瞭解。有關此種改變之資料，並應即刻通知本公約第八條所述之主管組織或政府。
2. Each Contracting Party shall arrange to be informed at the earliest possible time if the ecological character of any wetland in its territory and included in the List has changed, is changing or is likely to change as the result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. Information on such changes shall be passed without delay to the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8.
《第四條》
依本法第七條所設立之保育捐助專戶，其用途如下：
1. 不論其是否為列名之溼地，各締約國均應設立自然保護區，以促進對溼地及水鳥之保育，並使其受到妥善之監管。
Article 4
1. Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.
2. 一旦某締約國，由於國家之急迫利益考量，而須刪除列名溼地或限制其範圍時，應儘速設法補償溼地資源之損失，特別是應在原地區或其他處所另行設立水鳥之自然保護區，俾使其原棲地能有適當之部分獲得保存。
2. Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.
3. 締約國應鼓勵對溼地及其動植物群落之研究、文獻之著作及資料交換。
3. The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.
4. 締約國應透過經營管理，設法增加特定溼地之水鳥族群。
4. The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.
5. 締約國應積極訓練溼地研究、經營管理及監管之人才。
5. The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.
《第五條》
締約國彼此間應就本公約義務之履行相互磋商，尤其是當某一溼地跨越一個以上之締約國，或某一水域為一個以上締約國所共有時。
各締約國應同時盡力協調合作，並支持有關溼地及某動植物群落保育之現行及未來之政策與規章。
Article 5
1. The Contracting Parties shall consult with each other about implementing obligations arising from the Convention especially in the case of a wetland extending over the territories of more than one Contracting Party or where a water system is shared by Contracting Parties. They shall at the same time endeavour to coordinate and support present and future policies and regulations concerning the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna.
《第六條》
依本法第七條所設立之保育捐助專戶，其用途如下：
1. 締約國於必要時，應舉行有關溼地與水鳥保育會議。
Article 6
1. There shall be established a Conference of the Contracting Parties to review and promote the implementation of this Convention. The Bureau referred to in Article 8, paragraph 1, shall convene ordinary meetings of the Conference of the Contracting Parties at intervals of not more than three years, unless the Conference decides otherwise, and extraordinary meetings at the written requests of at least one third of the Contracting Parties. Each ordinary meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties shall determine the time and venue of the next ordinary meeting.
2. 凡是此種會議應具有建議性質及約束力，特別指下列情況：
o 討論本公約之履行。
o 討論名單之增修事宜。
o 就本公約第三條第二款所述狀況，研究列名溼地其生態特性變
遷之相關資料。
o 就溼地及其動植物群落之保育、經營管理、及妥善利用，向各締約國提出一般性或特殊性建議。
o 請相關國際組織就影響溼地之國際因素提供報告與統計資料。
2. The Conference of the Contracting Parties shall be competent:
a) to discuss the implementation of this Convention;
b) to discuss additions to and changes in the List;
c) to consider information regarding changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3;
d) to make general or specific recommendations to the Contracting Parties regarding the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna;
e) to request relevant international bodies to prepare reports and statistics on matters which are essentially international in character affecting wetlands;
f) to adopt other recommendations, or resolutions, to promote the functioning of this Convention.
3. 締約國應將前述會議有關溼地及其動植物群落保育、經營管理、及其妥善運用等建議，向負責溼地經營管理之各單位轉達，並敦促其考慮採行。
3. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that those responsible at all levels for wetlands management shall be informed of, and take into consideration, recommendations of such Conferences concerning the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna.
4. The Conference of the Contracting Parties shall adopt rules of procedure for each of its meetings.
5. The Conference of the Contracting Parties shall establish and keep under review the financial regulations of this Convention. At each of its ordinary meetings, it shall adopt the budget for the next financial period by a two-third majority of Contracting Parties present and voting.
6. Each Contracting Party shall contribute to the budget according to a scale of contributions adopted by unanimity of the Contracting Parties present and voting at a meeting of the ordinary Conference of the Contracting Parties.
《第七條》
1. 締約國遴派出席前述會議之代表中，應包括因從事科學研究、行政管理、或其他相關工作而累積相當知識、經驗之溼地或水鳥專家。
Article 7
1. The representatives of the Contracting Parties at such Conferences should include persons who are experts on wetlands or waterfowl by reason of knowledge and experience gained in scientific, administrative or other appropriate capacities.
2. 與會之各締約國均有一張投票權，有關議案之通過以多數決議方式為之，惟有半數以上締約國參與投票始有效。
2. Each of the Contracting Parties represented at a Conference shall have one vote, recommendations, resolutions and decisions being adopted by a simple majority of the Contracting Parties present and voting, unless otherwise provided for in this Convention.
《第八條》
依本法第七條所設立之保育捐助專戶，其用途如下：
1. 「國際自然資源保育聯盟」須執行本公約之例行性勤務，直至有三分之二以上締約國同意委任其他組織或政府負責時為止。
Article 8
1. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources shall perform the continuing bureau duties under this Convention until such time as another organization or government is appointed by a majority of two-thirds of all Contracting Parties.
2. 本公約之例行性勤務特指：
o 協助名單及籌備本公約第六條所述之會議。
o 負責國際重要溼地名單之編列，並受理締約國就本公約第二條第五款所述溼地名單之增列、刪除及其範圍之擴大與縮小等事項之報告。
o 受理締約國就本公約第三條第二款所述有關列名溼地的生態特性變化之報告。
o 隨時將溼地名單之變化及列名溼地生態特性改變情形通知各締約國，並將此類事項提報下次會議討論。
o 將會議中針對溼地名單之變化及其生態特性改變所提供之對策建議轉知有關之締約國。
2. The continuing bureau duties shall be, inter alia:
a) to assist in the convening and organizing of Conferences specified in Article 6;
b) to maintain the List of Wetlands of International Importance and to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any additions, extensions, deletions or restrictions concerning wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 2;
c) to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3;
d) to forward notification of any alterations to the List, or changes in character of wetlands included therein, to all Contracting Parties and to arrange for these matters to be discussed at the next Conference;
d) to make known to the Contracting Party concerned, the recommendations of the Conferences in respect of such alterations to the List or of changes in the character of wetlands included therein.
《第九條》
1. 本公約應無限期容許有意者簽署加入。
Article 9
1. This Convention shall remain open for signature indefinitely.
2. 任何聯合國之成員，或各種專門機構組織之會員;或國際原子能總署之分支機構、或國際法庭規約締約國，均可透過以下方式成為本公約之締約國：
o 無條件簽署承認本公約。
o 在批准對本公約之承認案後簽署加入。
o 加入本公約。
2. Any member of the United Nations or of one of the Specialized Agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency or Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may become a Party to this Convention by:
signature without reservation as to ratification;
signature subject to ratification followed by ratification;
accession.
3. 承認或加入本公約，應自締約國向聯合國教科文組織主席呈報承認或加入文件時起生效(該組織以下簡稱為「保管單位」)。
3. Ratification or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Depositary").
《第十條》
1. 本公約在七個以上國家依第九條第二款之規定成為締約國後滿四個月起生效。
Article 10
1. This Convention shall enter into force four months after seven States have become Parties to this Convention in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9.
2. 各締約國自其無條件簽署承認本公約，或在其呈報承認或加入文件之日之第四個月首日起，本公約對其開始生效。
2. Thereafter this Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting Party four months after the day of its signature without reservation as to ratification, or its deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession.
3. 締約國應鼓勵對溼地及其動植物群落之研究、文獻之著作及資料交換。
Article 10 bis
1. This Convention may be amended at a meeting of the Contracting Parties convened for that purpose in accordance with this article.
2. Proposals for amendment may be made by any Contracting Party.
3. The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it shall be communicated to the organization or government performing the continuing bureau duties under the Convention (hereinafter referred to as "the Bureau") and shall promptly be communicated by the Bureau to all Contracting Parties. Any comments on the text by the Contracting Parties shall be communicated to the Bureau within three months of the date on which the amendments were communicated to the Contracting Parties by the Bureau. The Bureau shall, immediately after the last day for submission of comments, communicate to the Contracting Parties all comments submitted by that day.
4. A meeting of Contracting Parties to consider an amendment communicated in accordance with paragraph 3 shall be convened by the Bureau upon the written request of one third of the Contracting Parties. The Bureau shall consult the Parties concerning the time and venue of the meeting.
5. Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting Parties present and voting.
6. An amendment adopted shall enter into force for the Contracting Parties which have accepted it on the first day of the fourth month following the date on which two thirds of the Contracting Parties have deposited an instrument of acceptance with the Depositary. For each Contracting Party which deposits an instrument of acceptance after the date on which two thirds of the Contracting Parties have deposited an instrument of acceptance, the amendment shall enter into force on the first day of the fourth month following the date of the deposit of its instrument of acceptance.
《第十一條》
依本法第七條所設立之保育捐助專戶，其用途如下：
1. 本公約應永遠有效。
Article 11
1. This Convention shall continue in force for an indefinite period.
2. 各締約國自其會員資格生效之日起滿五年後，得以書面通知「保管單位」
以退出本公約。退約將自「保管單位」接獲前述通知滿四個月起生效。
2. Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention after a period of five years from the date on which it entered into force for that party by giving written notice thereof to the Depositary. Denunciation shall take effect four months after the day on which notice thereof is received by the Depositary.
《第十二條》
1. 「保管單位」應儘速通過簽署及加入本公約之國家以下事項：
o 本公約之簽署。
o 本公約承認文件之呈報。
o 本公約加入文件之呈報。
o 本公約生效日期。
o 退出本公約之聲明。
Article 12
1. The Depositary shall inform all States that have signed and acceded to this Convention as soon as possible of:
signatures to the Convention;
a) deposits of instruments of ratification of this Convention;
b) deposits of instruments of accession to this Convention;
c) the date of entry into force of this Convention;
d) notifications of denunciation of this Convention.
2. 本公約開始生效後，「保管單位」應依據聯合國憲章第 102 條規定向聯合國秘書處辦理註冊。茲獲得充分授權代表(國名)簽署本公約。
2. When this Convention has entered into force, the Depositary shall have it registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention.
註:本公約於一九七一年二月二日在拉薩姆草擬完成，故又名拉薩姆國際溼地公約，此後並曾經多次增修，其後續增修條文如有需要可逕向「國際自然資源保育聯盟」洽取。
資料來源
http://www.forest.gov.tw/public/Attachment/641915471271.pdf
http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-texts-convention-on/main/ramsar/1-31-38%5E20671_4000_0__
*中文為參考之用,以英文版官網資料為主
濕地公約（也稱為：拉姆薩爾公約，英文：Ramsar Convention）
是為了保護濕地而簽署的全球性政府間保護公約，全稱為《關於特別是作為水禽棲息地的國際重要濕地公約，英文：Convention of Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitats》。
濕地公約的宗旨是：通過國家行動和國際合作來保護與合理利用濕地。
濕地公約於1971年2月2日在伊朗的拉姆薩爾簽署，當時有18個發起締約國。
濕地公約於1975年12月21日正式生效，直至2010年9月，拉姆薩爾公約總共有160個締約成員，國際重要濕地名錄覆蓋著1867片總面積超過183萬公頃的重要濕地。
中國於1992年加入濕地公約，而最新加入的締約國為寮國，於2010年9月28日加入。
為紀念濕地公約的簽署，故將每年的2月2日列為世界濕地日。
1999年5月，在哥斯大黎加召開的第7屆締約方大會上，正式確認世界自然基金會(WWF)、國際鳥盟（BirdLife International）、世界自然保護聯盟(IUCN)和濕地國際(WI)為公約的夥伴組織。
資料來源
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6
